Name: ____________________________

Do Not lose this as you will not get another one.

                                                  Review for Chemistry Final Exam

                                                                     (May 2008)

Chapter 9: States of Matter

Concepts/Problems:

·          changes of state (vaporization, condensation, sublimation, freezing, melting)

·          kinetic theory of matter

Any question from Chapter 9 test

Chapter 11 - Gases

Terms:            elastic collision                           kinetic-molecular theory
                        gas constant = R                       STP
                        Pa, kPa, atm, mmHg                 Boyles’ Law
                        Charles’ Law                            Ideal Gas Law
                        degrees Kelvin                          Partial Pressure

Concepts/Problems: (the formulas for the gas laws will be given with the information at the end of the exam)

·          Able to solve problems using different gas laws, and knowing which law was used.

Example:

What will be the volume of a gas sample at 309 K if its volume at 215 K is 3.42 L?  Assume that pressure is constant.  Which gas law will you use to solve this.

 

A gas occupies a volume of 2.45 L at a pressure of 1.03 atm and a temperature of 293 K. What volume will the gas occupy if the pressure changes to 0.980 atm and the temperature remains unchanged?  Which gas law?

 

What volume will be occupied by 100. g of oxygen gas at a pressure of 1.50 atm and a temperature of 25°C?  (Which gas law?) 

 

·          Any problem from the Chapter 11 test.

Chapter 12:  Electrons in Atoms

• Properties of waves - frequency, wavelength, amplitude and speed
• Electromagnetic spectrum
• Continuous spectrum vs line spectrum
• electron configurations, including rules for filing orbitals

NOTE: I will give you the following information, the order of the orbitals:

1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s

• Any question from chapter 12 test

Example:

Write the orbital diagram for sodium.

  

Write the electron configuration for Ca⁺²:

 

Chapter 13: Development of Periodic Table

• Know the periodic trends, and how they work
• You do NOT need to do comparison, eg, which atom is larger?

Chapter 14/15: Bonding and Molecular shapes

Terms:            linear                             bent
                        Trigonal planar              pyramidal
                        Tetrahedral 

• Know the differences between ionic, covalent and metallic bonding
• Know the different molecular shapes, their bond angles
• Know how to determine the shape of a molecule and its polarity

Chapter 15(end)/16:  Intermolecular forces and Water

Terms             dipole forces                             dispersion forces
                        Hydrogen bonding

Concepts:

• Know the differences between the intermolecular forces
• Know the unusual properties of water
• Know how an ionic solid dissolves in water

 

Chapter 17: Solutions

Terms:             solute               solvent
                        solution             saturation
                        soluble              saturated
                        supersaturated              molarity                       

Concepts/Problems:

·          How solutions are formed, at the molecular level, using terms regarding intermolecular forces, polar/non-polar, etc

 

·          What factors affect both the solubility of a substance and the rate of solubility

 

·          Anything from Chapter 17 test (there are no molarity problems)

 

Chapter 18- Chemical Rates and Equilibrium

Terms:

reversible reaction                                             chemical equilibrium
equilibrium constant (K_eq)                                  equilibrium expression
reaction quotient (Q)                                         Le Chatelier’s principle
homogeneous equilibrium                                  heterogeneous equilibrium

 

·          How to write an equilibrium expression given the chemical reaction (K_eq = )

 

·          Predicting the effects of increasing/decreasing factors based on Le Chatelier’s principle

Any question from chapter 18 test
 

Chapter 19: Acids/Bases

 

Terms:

Arrhenius acid                                      Arrhenius base
            Brønstead-Lowry acid                          Brønstead-Lowry base
            hydronium ion                                       indicators
            acid dissociation constant (K_a)              base dissociation constant (K_b)
            pH

·          Identify acids and bases in a reaction

·          Writing K_a and K_b expressions, given the reactions.

·          Any problem from test on acids/bases

 

Format of Final Exam:

Part I:   Matching - 15   ( 1 point each)                                                  15 points

Part II:  Electron configuration and molecular shape   

            (do any 4 of 8 for shapes)                                                         20 points

Part III: Gas Laws   (any 2 of 3) 5 points each--                                   10 points

Part IV: Charts (any 2 of 3) 5 points each--                                          15 points

Part V: Writing equilibrium expressions ( 4 - 5 points each)        1          20 points

Part VI: Calculating pH (2 - 5 points each)                                            10 points

Part VII: Essays (any 1 of 4 - 10 points each)                                       10 points

 

Total: 100 points

 

Extra Credit:  Maximum of 5 points      

 

Note: If you bring your old tests with you, I will give you 4 points extra credit on your final exam.